The Heir of the Ancient Celtic Artistic Tradition Essays

Free Essays on The Jew Of Malta

The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare’s’ play and Christopher Marlowes’ The Jew Of Malta include primary characters †Shylock and Barabas-who are anything but difficult to loathe for their purposes. It is ordinary to be dismayed at their deeds. The two characters, nonetheless, have their specific reasons-based both in environmental factors and condition for their practices, and outfit reasons, which may legitimize them (each to a more prominent or lesser degree) to the crowd. Let’s first consider the way wherein their particular fortunes are taken from them â€the avocation of which (or scarcity in that department) may highlight a specific enemy of - Semitism. In the Jew of Malta, obviously, the usurping of Barabas’ fortune appears to be progressively subjective. For sure the Governor Freeze takes it upon â€Å"†¦ our fortitude of your contemptuous lives†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act II sc. 2 l. 64) - which means upon the Jews of Malta by and large. Barabas, truth be told, realizes that the pronouncement to take his riches is subjective (â€Å"†¦their arbitrament?† (Act II sc. 2 l. 81). Indeed, when Barabas simply resents the thinking of Freeze; the Governor demands, â€Å"†¦Jew, thou hast denied the articles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act I sc.2 l.93). So Barabas is compelled to give up the entirety of his known home, in spite of his proposal to the Governor that â€Å"†¦you will have half ; Let me be utilized yet as my bretheren a re.† (Act II sc. 2 l. 92) or without the genuine proposal to â€Å"†¦become a Christian â€Å" (l. 73) which was the subsequent point in fulfilling the pronouncement. Rather, he is to endure the severest punishment of the declaration †to â€Å"†¦lose all he has.† (l. 76-77) No, in truth, Barabas was singled out among the Jews in light of the fact that, as different Jews expressed â€Å"†¦ the a large portion of us are poor.† And the last legitimization for the Christian people group of Malta, a clarification to the hapless Barabas? It is as the Knight says †â€Å"†¦your first revile fell substantial on thy head†¦Tis not our issue, however thy inalienable sin.† (Act II sc. 2 l. 110).... Free Essays on The Jew Of Malta Free Essays on The Jew Of Malta The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare’s’ play and Christopher Marlowes’ The Jew Of Malta include primary characters †Shylock and Barabas-who are anything but difficult to detest for their aims. It is ordinary to be alarmed at their deeds. The two characters, be that as it may, have their specific reasons-based both in environmental factors and situation for their practices, and outfit reasons, which may legitimize them (each to a more prominent or lesser degree) to the crowd. Let’s first consider the way wherein their individual fortunes are taken from them â€the legitimization of which (or scarcity in that department) may highlight a specific enemy of - Semitism. In the Jew of Malta, obviously, the usurping of Barabas’ fortune appears to be increasingly self-assertive. For without a doubt the Governor Freeze takes it upon â€Å"†¦ our toleration of your scornful lives†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act II sc. 2 l. 64) - which means upon the Jews of Malta in general. Barabas, truth be told, realizes that the pronouncement to take his riches is subjective (â€Å"†¦their arbitrament?† (Act II sc. 2 l. 81). Truth be told, when Barabas just dislikes the thinking of Freeze; the Governor demands, â€Å"†¦Jew, thou hast denied the articles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act I sc.2 l.93). So Barabas is compelled to give up the entirety of his known domain, in spite of his proposal to the Governor that â€Å"†¦you will have half ; Let me be utilized however as my bretheren are.† (Act II sc. 2 l. 92) or without the genuine proposal to â€Å"†¦become a Christian â€Å" (l. 73) which was the subsequent point in fulfilling the pronouncement. Rather, he is to endure the severest punishment of the declaration †to â€Å"†¦lose all he has.† (l. 76-77) No, in truth, Barabas was singled out among the Jews in light of the fact that, as different Jews expressed â€Å"†¦ the vast majority of us are poor.† And the last legitimization for the Christian people group of Malta, a clarification to the hapless Barabas? It is as the Knight says †â€Å"†¦your first revile fell substantial on thy head†¦Tis not our issue, yet thy inborn sin.† (Act II sc. 2 l. 110)....

His Right Hand A Conversation on Gender and Religion

His Right Hand A Conversation on Gender and Religion His Right Hand by Mette Ivie Harrison is a mystery novel set in a Mormon community. It’s the second in a series, following her debut novel The Bishops Wife. The book follows Linda Wallheim, a progressive Mormon married to the bishop of her ward. After Carl, a prominent and opinionated ward member is killed, it’s discovered that, unbeknownst to everyone, he was a trans man. Book Riot Contributors Jessica Woodbury and Constance Augusta Zaber read His Right Hand and decided to sit down and have a little conversation about it. A few moderate spoilers follow. Jessica:  To start, weve both read this book twice now? Ive read it twice. Once a few months ago and then again in preparation for this post to get it fresh in my head. Constance: I read it maybe a month and a half ago and have been reviewing it. We can call mine 1.5 reads Jessica:  We both read it for very different reasons. His Right Hand is the 2nd book in a series by Mette Ivie Harrison. I read the first book, The Bishops Wife, because Im a former Mormon who keeps tabs on Mormonism, and because I love mystery novels. Constance: Im trying to keep tabs on new books with prominent trans characters which is why I first took notice of HRH but I also love mysteries and the early feedback bumped it up higher on my to-read list Jessica:  I know were getting more and more trans characters, but it seems like we still have a very, very small sample. Constance: Its such a small sample. Its also interesting to me that most of the books with trans characters Im seeing feature trans women (which is a whole separate conversation about false-representation and visibility) so the fact that the trans character in this book was a trans man was different for me. Jessica:    I know its unfair to demand that any one character represent a whole group. But I do think its fair to look for trans characters that are thoughtfully created. I think were allowed to have a trans villain and/or a trans victim as long as theyre well-drawn human beings. Constance: Completely! There are conversations that Im watching right now about what it means to have trans women at the center of the spotlight right now and whether or not this visibility is a privilege. Ive been hearing lately variations on what good does this visibility mean if trans women (particularly Black and Latina trans women) are still facing social and physical violence. Jessica:  I kind of hate that its a hot topic but as a cis person I do want to see more trans people out there. Constance: I love seeing trans representation when its not freakshow style visbility which is part of why I care so much about trans-created representation. Jessica:  I admit, I was really intrigued by the setup of this novel: a trans man passing as cis in a Mormon ward. Gender issues in Mormonism are full of stuff to talk about already. Constance: Yeah! Particularly because so much of this book is about gender roles and patriarchy, her use of a trans male character is interesting. (Although my search of the text on Adobe Digital Editions isnt turning up the word patriarchy.) Jessica:  This is probably where we should acknowledge that one of the reasons were having this conversation because we arent too happy with how that played out. Carl, the trans character in the book, is just all-in for the patriarchy and that is something I really struggled with. Constance: Right, I read it with the sort of glee that comes from watching trashy reality television to be completely honest. Jessica:    I just had mounting dread chapter after chapter. Constance: I feel like we also had different relationships with the book. This might have been a bit closer to home for you than it was for me. Jessica:  I am REALLY into religion and writing about religion right now, as Im doing a lot of writing about it myself. And, you know, I grew up Mormon and was in the church until I was 25. There arent a lot of books out there that portray Mormonism in a way that feels honest to me. So I have a lot invested. Constance: While Im coming in really just connected to that one character. Ill say that as an outsider/observer, I found the way she explained Mormon topics and culture to be very uncomfortable, which is something that Id be interested to hear your take on. Jessica:  It was painful, Ill be honest. It felt like explaining rather than storytelling. I would recognize things that were familiar to me, people who were familiar to me, etc. But I didnt really feel like I came away with it seeing the actual Mormon experience and what it feels like. It felt other-ing. When you have to stop in the middle of the story to give me a few paragraphs of history, its like youre a reader on tour in an exotic land instead of just getting immersed in it. Constance: That was my read of it, too. Jessica:    One example I highlighted (I highlighted A LOT on my 2nd read) was when Linda, the main character, is having a conversation with a black cop and has to stop and explain to us the churchs history with black people so we can then understand why the conversation might be awkward. Constance: I dont know if youve read any trans memoirs from the 2000s but I found a similar tone of Let me explain this to you but prioritize the readers comfort over anything else. Jessica: Thats really it! Its not normalizing at all. I felt like her discussions of the trans character were the same way. Wed stop every now and then and get a little lecture about what Linda has read/researched about trans people. Constance: This is one area that I actually liked about it! Jessica:    Thats so interesting to me! Constance: Her very black-and-white, confusing, simplified, tangled lectures on trans people felt authentic to me for a cis lady who just googled Tell me about the transgendered people? (I assume shes the type to form her Google searches as questions.) But I dont think that was intentional characterization and just seemed to speak more to the authors experience. Jessica:  It was like your hip aunt telling you about an article she read. And the author says in the notes that she wrote this because of a family friends experience with a trans child. I completely understand what she wanted to do, but sometimes that made it feel more like an agenda than a story. Constance: It definitely felt like the desire to write a trans book came before any other plot details. Jessica:    And having a trans character whos dead for most of the book and never gets to speak for himself troubled me. Constance: I was waiting for her to find his diary or a video he recorded for his kids or something to be honest. Jessica:    As hokey as it wouldve been, I wouldve appreciated that. Constance: It would have been completely hokey but at least it would have fit with the overall hokey-ness of the book. If she got the idea to write a trans book because of knowing someone whose trans its weird that she has the book entirely about cis people. Jessica:    And yet sadly typical. Constance: Right, this seems to be a permutation of the dead transsexual/cross-dresser from cop shows. Its easier to talk about us if we dont talk and just lay there on the morgue table for them to talk over Jessica:  And the way they talked about him! I dont remember what I told you about this book before you read it, but I was worried that it would be painful for you to read all the terrible things the Mormon characters say about this man. It was painful for me. Constance: I mean this is the issue with lack of representation of Mormon stories, the concern that people may take this book as the Definitive Word on what Mormons think about trans people. Jessica:    And you know what? This may be what many of them think. I cant really say. Its not really a topic Mormons talk about. Which leads to another point: the author tries to make the distinction between gender issues and sexuality issues a few times. And then inserts a couple of gay subplots. Which only muddies the waters. (I know much more about what Mormons think about gay people than trans people.) But Mormons do define gender as essential, so theres that. That’s from the Proclamation on the Family, which came out in the 90s. Its like almost-scripture. And it is basically all laying the foundation for the gay marriage fight, though I didnt realize that then. Constance: Its interesting to me that she has the trans character quoting from this because I feel like I know (or know of) more trans guys who try to do what we call going stealth (i.e. hiding the fact that youre trans and that youve transitioned) and end up becoming more assimilationist with traditional gender roles as a way of compensating for being trans. Its like the closest thing to authentic that Carls character got for me. Jessica:    That was really something I tried hard to wrap my head around. I had trouble understanding how someone who struggled with their own gender would then be so strict to hold to gender norms. I wish thered been more to that, that it had been more fleshed out. And, you know, the fact that he basically remained celibate rather than reveal his trans-ness. Constance: Did you feel at all that their celibate relationship allowed the reader to avoid thinking about trans people having sex? Theres also the thing where Emma just doesnt seem to know what sex is at all which I found super foreign. Jessica:    I was mad that it seemed to invalidate him as a sexual being! As for Emma, I do know a small number of Mormon women who have ridiculous ideas about sex. Its very abnormal, but it happens. Not surprisingly in a culture that revolves heavily around abstinence. Constance: I guess if youre a trans guy who wants to be in a marriage but wants to be stealth I suppose thats the ideal relationship. But it just felt like an easy out for her to not talk about his sexuality. Jessica:  And when he does finally have a sexual relationship with an old flame, it feels like it just gets glossed over so quickly. I loved that the guy still cared about him and saw him as a person and didnt invalidate his new gender. But he mostly tried to hide it so we never really got to explore that. Also Linda was a total creepy psycho whenever she went to that guys house. Constance: So much of her investigating struck me as really invasive. Jessica:    It was. I mean, even though Mormons tend to be overly involved in one anothers business in a ward, and even though being the bishops wife gives you that even more, it was not cool. Constance: I was unsatisfied with her description of the ward. It seemed we kept hearing about people being involved in their neighbors lives but other than Emma, Verity, and her walking friend there didnt seem to be that much community. Jessica:    Linda seems to dislike everyone and not really be friends with anyone and yet knows a lot about people. I think people actually confide in you LESS when youre the bishops wife because they dont want it getting out to the bishop. Constance: A major point in this book is her divorce and I was curious what you thought about how she wrote about it. Jessica:    That was one of the best parts, I thought. The young marriage and quick divorce is definitely a problem among Mormons. Theres so much pressure, doctrinally and culturally, to get married. Plus, you know, the physical pressure of having to be abstinent until marriage. You hear a lot of stories, a lot of rumors, and sexual dysfunction definitely happens just the way she described. Constance: And we have the two very different reactions to that in the main character and Carls wife Emma. Jessica:    I think Lindas frustration at a husband who doesnt desire a sexual relationship is definitely more the norm.  Also I found it CRAZY how she just casually mentioned that she learned how to masturbate like it wasnt anything. I learned that was a no go, but maybe things are different now? Constance: I know that you cant speak for all members of the church but Im curious if you have thoughts on if things like masturbation are talked about in the context Dont Do This or just Not Talked About At All. Jessica:   So. I never heard about it. Because I am a woman and women dont masturbate. But I was told that the boys did hear about it as teenagers. A lot. I literally learned that women could masturbate from the movie Pleasantville. I think that was the whole plan, that women wouldnt even know it was a thing so why suggest that they not do it? Constance: Which is interesting because that doesnt feel dissimilar to national conversations about masturbation? Like its even a joke in sitcoms about how much boys masturbate but its rare to hear about girls masturbating Jessica:  Yeah, girls were treated as the guardians of virginity, without having sexual desire. Which can be a real surprise when you actual feel sexual desire! Constance: I have my own complicated history with those early feelings of sexual desire but I cant imagine experiencing it in a community that has girls has utterly virginal. I imagine it would be even more complicated for girls -experiencing same-sex desire. Jessica: My sexuality and queerness came into being in a really unusual way, due in large part to that. Celibacy being a thing though may have been more palatable to Carl, the trans character, since gay people are expected to be celibate in the Mormon church. Which means that Lindas son who comes out as gay is facing a tough future. Constance: Thats something that I would have loved to see Linda dwell more on. After all that happens with Ben, her gay ex-husband, and Carl and his lover she seems fairly optimistic about her son. Jessica: Shes so concerned about her husband accepting his son, she doesnt really seem to fathom what his life is going to be like. Constance: I wonder if it has to do with another part that I struggled with- the way that the author seemed to be so focused on saying, Oh sure there are ?_those_? hard-ass Mormons but Im going to put a positive spin on everything! Jessica:  She definitely has a you-can-be-progressive-and-still-be-Mormon tap dance going on. And I really understand that she wants to make that statement, but like a lot of other things about this book, it feels too heavy handed. Constance: She reminded me of the white gay men who are eager to distance themselves from the weird gays to show that Were just like you! Jessica:  Though I think thats less and less the case. Constance: Really? Jessica:    Yeah. Between my 1st and 2nd read of the book, the church put out a new policy on LGBTQ families which wont allow the children of cohabitating or married same-sex couples to be baptized or serve missions or join the priesthood until theyre 18, and only then if they disavow same-sex relationships. It really draws a hard line. That was definitely in my head in the second read, I dont think her son would be allowed to serve a mission if hes openly gay. Or at least, not much longer. Constance: Well damn. (This would be a good-time to plug your really excellent Toast piece btw.) Jessica:    And thanks for that softball, I do have an essay about how many progressives and feminists are leaving the church because of the policy. Constance: I was reading your piece thinking that I needed Linda to read it. Jessica:  I would LOVE to know how Lindas life will change now. Because I think Mette Ivie Harrisons plans to have this progressive Mormon character are going to be shaped by a lot of things out of her control in how the church is going these days. Constance: We talked about how it seemed like the author really wanted to write a trans book and it seems like we both agree that she also came in with a good progressive Mormon agenda too. If youre going to write a book with an agenda I think it needs to be realllly well crafted. Jessica:  I think we also both agree that this book didnt really succeed with either agenda. That it felt too crafted and not organic enough. Constance: Completely. Jessica:  And I know that neither of us feels we can recommend it as an enjoyable reading experience or an accurate view of Mormon or trans people. Constance: I would recommend it to other people who enjoy reading things they dont like. Jessica:  You totally hate-read it. Constance: I did and I have no regrets. Jessica:  You are a serious hate-reader. Constance: I was on a date the other night and told the person that hate-reading is why my skin is so nice. You know were going to get comments from people saying things like, Well, I guess I just shouldnt write about Mormons/Trans people! Jessica:    And I sooooo dont want that to happen. I want MORE. I just want this book to be a learning experience of how not to do it. Constance: Right! Jessica:    So maybe we can recommend some good examples if you want? Constance: I would love to hear your recommendations on books about Mormon characters! Jessica:  So this is where I run into trouble. Because I used to have two Id recommend and one was Mette Ivie Harrisons first book. Which I cant recommend now because the series takes such a sad turn with book 2. But I can recommend Elders by Ryan McIlvain, though I feel like a broken record because its the one I always recommend. Its SO good, though. Constance: Can you recommend it with the caveat that they should treat it Harrisons first book as a stand-alone? Jessica:    I think so? I dont know. Im really torn. It feels accurate in many ways. And the first book is kind of about having a more radical fundamentalist-type Mormon in the ward, so its different. Constance:  Ive read a few well-written trans books by cis authors where my only complaint was how their trans character was done. It can be harder to find trans books by trans authors because theyre usually smaller publishers. Jessica:    Yes! I think a lot of us are looking for good ones. I think many readers want to explore other peoples experiences through books. Constance: But I ?loved? the upcoming If I Was Your Girl by Meredith Russo. Lilith Latinis poetry book Improvise, Girl, Improvise  is amazing. And there are some great stories in The Collection which is an anthology of trans writers, edited by Tom Leger and Riley MacLeod. Oh, and Nevada by Imogen Binnie which is the book that I came out after reading. Jessica:  The power of BOOKS. Im getting all weepy. Stories matter. Stories told well mean something to people. And you and I were both very disappointed with the opportunity missed here. Constance: Very disappointed. Jessica:  I dont like talking about books I dont like, but I had trouble letting this one go. And the risk of it being on the list of Trans Books to Recommend really clinched it for me and confirmed that we needed to have this chat. Constance: I feel like this book was also a good bonding thing for us? So theres that. Jessica:  It was. So hey, still power of books! Constance: Yeah, part of why I want to be public about not liking this book is because I think it could end up on trans book lists. Jessica:    I want booksellers and librarians to know that this probably isnt a good choice for a display about religion or LGBTQ/trans fiction. Wed rather they go another way. Constance: Jess, this was a really good conversation thank you Jessica:  Thank YOU. I enjoyed this a lot. We should hate-read again some time. Constance: We need another trans/Mormon book to come out to hate-read together. Or a podcast, someone should give us a podcast Jessica:  Oh yes, that exciting and growing genre of trans/Mormon media. Well get right on that. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Compare and contrast two beliefs about life after death....

One definition of death is the the complete and permanent cessation of all vital functions in a living creature, the end if life. All philosophers agree that our earthly life in our physical form will end; however philosophers disagree on the meaning of end of life as many people agree on death as the end of our existence however while others argue that we continue in some form after death. Many ideas relating to our existence after death include; the continuation of our genes thought our descendants, immortality of the soul, resurrection of the body, reincarnation and the idea that we live on in memories of others. Many religious beliefs are based on the idea that humans possess a soul or spirit which exists independently of the body.†¦show more content†¦This survival would involve the resurrection of the body. Known as the Recreation Theory; this is the belief that the whole body continues after death. John Hick argued that in certain circumstances the dead can exist afte r death. If an exact replica of them were to appear complete with memories and characteristics. As God is all powerful this recreation of the dead is totally possible although death can destroy us God can recreate us. St Paul also talks about resurrection and about how the body will be raised and transformed into something better, something spiritual i.e. seed into plant. Identity the same but outcome is different. A problem raised with Hicks replica theory is a basic fundamental question. Is the same I that existed before death the same as the I in the replica, in the afterlife. Hick tried to solve the problem by putting forward hypothetical story of John Smith who lived in USA. One day, his friends watched as he disappeared without a trace. At the same moment of his disappearance a replica of Smith appeared in India exactly similar in both physical and mental characteristics to the person who disappeared in UAS. Concluding that John Smith died and God re-created John Smith in the next world and this re-created John Smith was the same person. Vardy challenges Hick. Would John Smith be the same person? Hick argues that he would if he thought ofShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesscholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. 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Organizational Culture And Values On Strategic Leadership...

Organization’s Ethical and Value-Based Approach to Leadership Impact of the Organization’s Culture and Values on Strategic Leadership Organizational leadership and culture has been a major issue in today’s highly structured organizations. This has necessitated that organizations understand in depth the inter-relation between culture and organization on strategic leadership. Is it that the leadership determines culture or the culture determines leadership behaviors? While many argue that the leaders have absolute control and influence the direction of organizational culture, research actually shows that leaders themselves are greatly influenced by variables and situational setting in any organization, implying that it is valid to say that leadership itself receives significant influence from organizational culture (Waldner Weeks, 2006). Due to this, the effort to identify and understand how trends and traits making up organizational culture have been a priority amongst most organizations seeking to improve the effectiveness of strategic leadership. According to Schein (2004), the reason why such issues as culture and leadership is important stems from one of the critical factors, that is the fact that certain trends and traits are shared among a group hence forming a shared culture. Schein also explains other critical elements of culture such as structural stability. 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Description Paper on Gustav Klimt Free Essays

DESCRIPTION PAPER: ART INTO TEXT The purpose of this short paper is to hone your abilities in using words to describe and understand the physical qualities of a work of art. By writing about art, you will take on the responsibility of examining it closely, organizing your perceptions and thoughts about it, and conveying in text an organized and clear summary of your visual analysis. First, choose a work to examine. We will write a custom essay sample on Description Paper on Gustav Klimt or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is no limit to which work you may choose, except that it must date from within our time period (the year 1400 of the common era to the present). If you have concerns about your choice, consult the professor. Please do not choose a work that has been discussed extensively in class or in the textbook. You may choose a work that you can see first-hand in Hong Kong (at for instance the Hong Kong Museum of Art or the Hong Kong Heritage Museum, or a work of public sculpture). If you opt to do this, please identify where the object resides in your paper. If you desire to choose a work from the West or other places not immediately accessible, please find and utilize many reproductions of it, from as many different angles as possible, and with different levels of detail. Please attach relevant images to the end of your paper (do not include them in the text). After choosing the work, you will then spend considerable time examining it (no less than 30 minutes is recommended). Then, take notes on what you see. Describe the media, principles of design and visual elements that you find in the work. Think about how line, volume, scale, balance, and/or visual rhythm are used in the work, if appropriate. Pay attention to as much of the surface of the work as you can see. Do physical features of the work suggest the purpose of its creation, the meaning it is trying to communicate, or its use or original physical context? What can you infer about the culture that made this object from its physical features? Finally, compose a 2 to 4 page (double spaced, with regular fonts and margins) essay summarizing your findings. The bulk of the paper should be a well-organized description and formal analysis. You should organize this part of the paper logically, i. e. there should be an order to your description and analysis. Then, taking the features and relationships in the work that you find most compelling and important, assess its cultural meaning and/or significance based upon your observations. This should be your conclusion. Do not conduct research for this assignment. The focus here should be on honing your observational skills. You will be graded on clarity of writing and word choice (25%), organization (25%), thoroughness of observation (25%), and the plausibility of your conclusions based on evidence at hand (25%). Paper due in class on Monday, September 24, 2012. Penalties for not following instructions: Does not meet the page minimum: dropped a letter grade. Fonts and/or margins are oversized in order to meet page minimum: dropped five points. Illustrations are within the text rather than appended to the end: dropped a letter grade. Work chosen has been discussed in book or class extensively: dropped a letter grade. Research has been conducted: dropped two letter grades. Plagiary: automatic zero. Reuse of previously submitted material: automatic zero. Work is not within specified time period: dropped five points. Excessive redundancy/use of â€Å"filler†: points subtracted from thoroughness score. Farris’s rules of good formal nonfiction writing: Avoid use of first and second person pronouns (I, you, we, us). Avoid passive voice. Avoid redundancies, both in word use and content. Be sure of the meaning of a word before making use of it. Simplify phrasing in order to be direct about what you want to convey. Organize your thoughts before starting to write. When not writing dialogue, paragraphs must be at least three sentences long. Sentences in a paragraph should address a single subject. Avoid starting a sentence with a conjunction. Avoid contractions. Omit unnecessary words. Assess evidence, not subjective reaction. How to cite Description Paper on Gustav Klimt, Papers

The Cicada Many Things To Many People Essays (1662 words) - Cicadas

The Cicada: Many Things To Many People In this century of rapid scientific discovery, there still exist natural phenomena with the power to inspire wonder and mystery. The cicada, an insect known since ancient times, is one such phenomenon. Because scientific knowledge of the cicada contains many gaps, these mysterious insects can still stimulate our imagination or lead us into confusion. At the present time, the cicada is many things to many people: it is a curiosity that should be approached scientifically; it is a source of superstition and dread; it is also little more than an annoying, seasonal inconvenience. The cicada is a stout, black insect about an inch in length. Various species of this insect can be found all over North of the America. When the cicada is at rest, its large, transparent, veined wings are folded over the top of its body and extend about a quarter of an inch beyond it. Cicada wing veins are and information reddish orange in color, as are its eyes and legs. The front legs are sharp and crablike, allowing the animal to hold tight to the bark of trees. The species of American cicada most written about by scientists and most wondered about by the general public is known as the periodical cicada. Its scientific name is Magicicada septendecim. This species of cicada appears above ground only once every seventeen years. What the cicada does underground for most of its seventeen-year life span was a mystery until fairly recently. In the early part of this century, a man named C.L. Marlett, who worked for the United States Department of Agriculture, decided to find out. He began burying cicada eggs in his backyard and digging them up periodically for observation. He soon found out that the cicada begins life as a tiny nymph about six hundredths of an inch in length. A nymph is an immature insect, before it has fully developed wings or reproductive organs. During their sixteen years and ten and one-half months underground, cicada nymphs are nestled against tree roots from which they gently suck the juices. Nourished by this root sap, they begin to grow. They shed their skin four times before they reach adult size. Once matured, a cicada does not necessarily leave its underground nursery. All cicadas of the same generation in a region wait for a seventeenth spring before they come creeping forth from the ground as a group. The eeriness of this group effort has puzzled humans for centuries. People have responded to the mystery with a host of superstitions, educated guesses, and scientific theories. One of the earliest explanations for the mass appearance of cicada populations after their long absence in an area was that the insects had come to foretell war. This idea stems from an observation of the adult cicada shortly after it appears above ground. It immediately sheds its skin for the last time and begins to darken in color. Near the outer edge of its front wings, a black mark appears that looks distinctly like the letter W. Some thought this W stood for war. In the past, people who saw a group of cicadas emerge from the ground like an invading army were filled with panic. The sight was especially frightening because literally millions of insects can appear within an area of a few square miles. Later explanations for the mass appearance of cicadas stem from more scientific observations. Dr. L. L. Pechuman, a professor at the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University, has suggested that coming above ground only once every seventeen years is an excellent way for a species to discourage its natural enemies. Perhaps the cicadas have evolved a special kind of biological time clock to protect them from predators. James Heath, an insect physiologist at the University of Illinois, theorizes that the cicadas all emerge at around the same time in a certain year because the soil has reached a temperature of 64 degrees. Theories like this have still not been proved absolutely, but they do a lot to dispel the fear, awe, or confusion experienced by many people who witness millions of cicadas surfacing at once. Once cicadas surface, they lose no time. At this point in